Phosphoric Acid is an inorganic compound. It is a colorless, transparent crystal that is soluble in water and can react with bases to form phosphates. Phosphoric acid is acidic and can react with metals to produce hydrogen and with alcohols to produce phosphate esters.

In biochemistry, phosphoric acid is an important component of cells, involved in energy metabolism and DNA synthesis and other biological processes.

Phosphoric acid is usually produced by wet and dry processes. Wet production refers to the method of generating phosphoric acid by heating phosphate rock (apatite, phosphate ore) and reacting it with sulfuric acid, while dry production refers to the method of producing phosphoric acid by roasting phosphate rock, followed by wet extraction, sulfuric acid reaction and other steps.

In industrial production and use, phosphoric acid poses certain safety risks. Phosphoric acid is highly corrosive at higher concentrations and can cause skin and respiratory irritation and damage. Phosphoric acid also has certain environmental risks, and excessive emissions may cause contamination of water and soil. It needs to be strictly controlled during production and use, and waste needs to be reasonably disposed of. Properties

Transparent colorless viscous solution, odorless. General content 85%～95%. Continue to concentrate colorless columnar crystals, density (18 ℃) 1.834g/cm3, melting point 42.3 ℃, boiling point 158 ℃, freezing point 21.1 ℃. 150 ℃ to become anhydrous, heated to 215 ℃ into pyrophosphoric acid, about 300 ℃ into metaphosphoric acid, vapour pressure of 3.8 Pa. Strong deliquescence. Miscible with water and ethanol.

Preparation method

After gasification, yellow phosphorus is introduced into air or superheated water vapor to make it oxidized, generating phosphorus pentoxide, which is absorbed with water and purified. Or it can be produced by oxidizing phosphorus with nitric acid. It can also be made by coheating tricalcium phosphate with dilute sulfuric acid, after decomposition, the filtrate is filtered out and then concentrated.

Uses

Phosphoric acid in the field of water treatment is mainly used as a water softener, scale cleaning agent, and as a raw material for the production of phosphorus-based water treatment agents. Phosphoric acid has many other uses, high-purity phosphoric acid can be used to make non-fluorinated feed; used as a polishing agent in the electroplating industry; used as a stain remover in the printing industry. Ethylene synthesis and hydrogen peroxide refining process as an acidifier; beverage production as an acidifier and flavoring agent; dyes industry as a drying agent. It is used as dyeing mordant and silk luster agent in textile printing and dyeing industry; as detergent auxiliary in daily chemical industry, and used in the manufacture of safety matches; as clarifying agent in sugar industry; and as analytical reagent in analytical chemistry.

Properties

Transparent colorless viscous solution, odorless. General content of 85% ~ 95%. Continue to concentrate colorless columnar crystals, density (18 ℃) 1.834g/cm3, melting point 42.3 ℃, boiling point 158 ℃, freezing point 21.1 ℃. 150 ℃ to become anhydrous, heated to 215 ℃ into pyrophosphoric acid, about 300 ℃ into metaphosphoric acid, vapour pressure of 3.8 Pa. Strong deliquescence. Miscible with water and ethanol.

Safety

Concentrated solution of phosphoric acid is irritating to skin and eyes, and can corrode the skin and cause inflammation. Phosphoric acid vapor can cause nasal mucous membrane atrophy, can cause systemic poisoning. The maximum permissible concentration of phosphoric acid in the air is Img/ma. If inadvertently, the skin comes into contact with phosphoric acid, it should be immediately rinsed with a large amount of water and rubbed with red mercuric solution or gentian violet solution, and should be sent to the hospital immediately when poisoning occurs. It should not be stored and transported together with alkaline, toxic and corrosive articles.

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